How has technology impacted the film industry

Piracy
There has been a 20% increase over the same period in 2009.

Case Study: Universal Studios

Universal Studios, a production/ distribution company, was founded in 1912 by Carl Buttman and owned by parent company NBC Universal, a division of Comcast and General Electric company.

Research; Big Talk Productions

Big Talk Productions saw its beginning in 1995, totaling 16 years of production services. It was originally launched by Nira Park, but is now also run by chief executive Kenton Allen (the former BBC creative head of comedy), Mathew justice (Managing director) and Simon Curtis (Executive producer). The company is an English award winning film & television production company, a 'dynamic slate of original TV comedy and drama' with all the major UK broadcasters.


Films made by: Big Talk Productions


Shaun Of The Dead
Date of release: 9 April 2004 
Director: Edgar Wright
Writers: Simon Pegg & Edgar Wright
Stars: Simon Pegg, Nick Frost & Kate Ashfield 
Producers: Tim Bevan (, Eric Fellner, Mark Hudson, Alison Owen, Nira Park, Ronaldo Vasconcellos, Natascha Wharton & James Wilson
Distributers: Focus Features (2004), Mars Distribution (2005), NFP Distribution (2004), Neue Filmproduktion (2004), Odeon Films (2004), Premium Cine (2004), Rogue Pictures (2004), United International Pictures (2004), United International Pictures (2004), United International Pictures (2004), United International Pictures (2004), Alliance Atlantis Home Video (2004), Argentina Video Home (2004), Argentina Video Home (2004), Front Row Filmed Entertainment (2009), Panorama Distributions (2010), RTL Entertainment (2007), United International Pictures (2004), Universal Home Entertainment (2004), Universal Home Entertainment (2004), Universal Home Video (2004), Universal Home Video (2004), Universal Pictures Benelux (2004), Universal Pictures Benelux (2008), Universal Pictures Finland Oy (2004), Universal Pictures Finland Oy (2004), Universal Pictures (2005), Universal Studios Home Entertainment (2009) 
Budget: £4 million
Gross Revenue (USA Tax law): $13,542,874




Hot Fuzz
Date of release: 20 April  2007
Directors: Edgar Wright
Writers: Edgar Wright, Simon Pegg
Stars:Simon Pegg, Nick Frost & Martin Freeman
Producers: Karen Beever, Tim Bevan, Eric Fellner, Nira Park, Ronaldo Vasconcellos & Natascha Wharton
Distributers: Alliance Atlantis Motion Picture Distribution (2007), Bontonfilm (2007), GAGA (2008), Paramount Pictures (2007), Paramount Pictures (2007), Rogue Pictures (2007), Studio Canal (2007), Tatrafilm (2007), United International Pictures (UIP) (2007), Universal Pictures Finland Oy (2007), Universal Pictures International (UPI) (2007), Universal Pictures International (UPI) (2007), Universal Pictures International (2007), Universal Pictures International (2007), Argentina Video Home (2007), Film1 (2008), Motion Picture Distribution (2007), RTL Entertainment (2011), United International Pictures (2007), Universal Home Entertainment (2007), Universal Home Video (2008), Universal Pictures Benelux (2008), Universal Pictures Benelux (2009), Universal Studios Home Entertainment (2007), Universal Studios Home Entertainment (2009) 
Budget: $16,000,000
Gross Revenue: $79,197,493


Scott Pilgrim Vs. The World
Date of release: 22 July 2010
Director: Edgar Wright
Writers: Micheal Bacall, Edgar Wright
Stars: Micheal Cera, Mary Elizebeth Winstead & Kieran Culkin
Producers: J Miles Dale, Eric Gitter, Lisa Gitter, Jared LeBoff, Joe Nozemack, Nira Park, Marc Platt, Steven V. Scavelli, Adam Seigel, Ronaldo Vasconcellos & Edgar Wright
Distrubuters: Universal Pictures
Budget: $60,000,000

Gross Revenue: $3,422,004

Paul

Date of release: 14 February 2011

Director: Greg Mottola

Writers: Nick Frost, Simon Pegg

Stars: Simon Pegg, Nick Frost, Seth Rogen

Producers: Nira Park,Tim Bevan & Eric Fellner

Distributers: Universal Pictures

Budget: $40,000,000

Gross Revenue: $37,371,385

Attack the Block

Date of release: 29 July 2011

Director: Joe Cornish

Writers: Joe Cornish

Stars: John Boyega, Jodie Whittaker & Alex Esmail

Producer: Edgar Wright

Distrubuters: Sony, Screen Gems

Budget: $13 million

Gross Revenue: $5,299,391

How representation of gender is constructed in prime evil

A wide shot is used to show the audience a female, operating very heavy machinery, that would stereotypically be seen being used by a strong male. This juxtaposes the archytypal representations of males in the media, as here they are being presented as the weaker gender. This is used in contrast with a medium close up of the male carrying light weight material (grass), which shows the difference between how the male and womans strength potential is being portrayed.

Through the costume we can see a contrast where the female and the male are captured in a wide shot showing his his costume colors being; light blue & white which connotes innocence and venerability, where the female is wearing tight black leather costume which shows representations of prominence, strength as well as having some sexual references.

In another wide shot the audience is a allowed a symmetrical view of both the male and the female showing the female defeating the tiger and the male running away. This is all set in fast pace editing when cutting to show the male running away, and then slow pace when the female is defeating the tiger, which helps con notate the males fear and panicking whilst showing representations of the female being organised, calm and confident showing she is not afraid and knows what she is doing. This follows the stereotype that men are more collected when it comes to practical tasks whereas women are more collected when it comes to processing plans, being well organised.

Following this scene there is then a CU which establishes the males facial expression, showing he is scared, which contrasts to the next shot which is an eye line match from the female targeting the tiger and shows the tiger being shot. This again con notates how the female has greater courage and strength than the male.

In a medium shot, the female is shown (still in her tight black leather suit) surrounded by males dressed in light stylish clothing in contrast. This is used to connote the her empowerment and higher levels of courage than the males. This is a form of role reversal as the audience would expect the males (through stereotype) to be braver and less unsettled by a fear striking situation.

In a SRS, the camera firstly tilts up in a medium shot to show the female pointing the gun towards the man, in contrast with a tilt down still in a medium shot to show the man pointing his gun at the woman. This helps builds representations of female strength as it puts the audience in the males position when the camera is tilting down it con notates the woman's presence and sense of authority upon him. The following CU of the males facial expression showing his fear and anxiety also helps construct this representation.

In another SRS the camera cuts from a CU of the tiger about to attack the male, to a medium shot of the male cowering in a hole hiding his face, this helps build representations of a mother womb and the protection it gives the fetus; con notating the same protection he is looking for.

The female always seams to have camera priority as when she shot she always takes up 2/3 of the shot which helps build representations of her strength and authority. As well as this the female is always shot in a medium shot showing her operating machinery or ammo (being practical). Whereas the male, the majority of the time, is shot in a MCU to show his facial expressions of fear & venerability.

Sound Analysis

Diegetic - Sound which the characters in the diagesis can hear (i.e doors slamming, footsteps)

Non diegetic - Sounds the characters cannot hear but the audience can (i.e soundtrack/ voiceover)

Scoring - Origional music written to go with something in the scene

Soundtrack - Popular music or particular music chosen to create a mood and go with the scene

Sound effects - Sounds added in post production for creating an efect (i.e tires screeching)

Theme music - Soundtrack which goes with certain situations or characters (i.e eastenders)

Ambient sound - Natural sound occuring in the scene (i.e cups rattling in the cafe)

Dialogue - Actors speech/ accent/ regional identity

Sounds bridge - The soundtrack starts in one scene and continues in another scene, (bridges two scenes, help continuity)

Diary of a call girl

Diagetic sounds have been emphasized like:  footsteps, door slamming, rustling and breathing all builds a very awkward tension and siolence within the scene, which represents how the characters is feeling; because of being disabled a simple situation has been made difficult and awkward. This along with the absense of soundtrack, which emphasizes the same point.

In the dialogue, the characters use very weak voices and speak in short, slow and uncompleted sentences which again helps build up this awkward and embarrased atmosphere with alot of tension. Although this is reflecting how other people view disability; a very sensetive and sympathetic topic. We know this as the character himself who is disabled is the only character who speaks fast and finishes his sentences, so we understand that he has already accepted that he is disabled whereas the other characters havent neccesarily done so.

Asynchronous sound is used when the father is in the car, the radio plays a classical sound track which does not represent his mood so he switches it off. This shows the contrast of his mood, that he is anxious and protective over his disabled son.

When the the scene of the father sitting in the car cross-cuts to the scene of the boy and the girl about to make love, a sound bridge is used to emphasize his anxiousness and worry over what is occuring in the room, the idea that he wants to protect and be there for his son. This presents a parents point of view about their disabled child.

The soundtrack used for when the girl and the boy are about to make love is not the archytypal; it is very slow (created with a harmonica). This constitutes pathos within the scene and creates the mood where the audience feel sorry for him because they know, as a disabled person he is not able to enjoy this moment as a boy of his age naturally could.

Continuity Editing

KEY TERMS

180 degree rule - Once a invisible line has been established between two characters supposedly interacting, the camera must now stay on that side in order to avoid disorientation of the audience. Otherwise when switching shots to show this conversation it may seem as though the characters are facing in this same direction.

Eyeline match - Two consecutive shots, which show the subject looking at something, followed by the shot to screen what the subject was looking at. (This is used to establish a significant feature in the narrative).

i.e     Shot A - subject is looking upwards

                                 Shot B - A tall building that the subject is looking at.

Cross-cutting - Cuts from one particular scene, to a completely different scene. (This is used to show two events occuring simultaneously).

Cutting on motion/Action match - Matches two shots one, in whih the subject is beggining an action, and a second one to show the subject finishing the action (This is used to constitute the continuity of the narrative)

i.e Shot A - Subject picks something up

                       Shot B - Subject places this something elsewhere



Graphic match - Two consecutives shots are shown that have a resemblence in the main subject through shape.

i.e Shot A - A watch

                       Shot B - transitions into a rolo

Shot-reverse-Shot - Camera shoots a subject and then reverses and shoots in the opposite direction (This is used to create a sense of conversation)

Transitions - How each shot collides in with another (This is used to make shots flow smoothly).

i.e cross fade, dissolve, fade in, fade out etc.

Jumpcuts - Purposely added to be noticed (This is a jarring cult made to condense time)

Montage - shots chosen to construct the thematic relationship, (This is used to show development or in a sense 'crunch' time.

Pace - The pace of the editing controls the flow of the narrative (This would be used to create a mood)

i.e A slow pace would create and an emotional mood.

Privileged characters - The more important characters who receive more screen time.

Marginalized characters - The less important characters who receive more screen time. 

Diary of a call girl; Representations of disability

Eye line match in a long take - captures her on edge facial expression which emphasizes awkwardness when she does not know who to ask for the money. This presents disability as a very sensitive and quite embarrassing topic as it exposes the idea of being undermined.

Action match - Shot a pictures the dad picking up his son, then shot b shows the dad putting his son down on the bed. This presents disability as a form of weakness and inability (the fact that he can not take himself to the bed, his father must complete this action for him).

Shot-reverse-shot - After the dad walks out and the call girl is about to lock the doors, Shot a pictures the call girl, then reverses to shot b of blake then back to shot of the call girl. This is used to construct representations of disability being a state of dependence and venerability, through the tension between the two characters created through the editing.

The pace - Has been slowed down in one shot to create a feeling of anxiety and a long awkward silence. This presents disability as a negative aspect of life, where it creates disadvantages and complications.

Eye-line match - The father looking at the call girl. This shows his worry and anxiousness, and helps builds representations of disability being a aspect of pathos, that it is something people suffer from and therefore need and deserve pity.

Jumps cuts - Jump cuts placed consecutively of the dad in the car, shows time passing and establishes the fact he is fidgeting, which mirrors his feelings for his son. This again represents disability as some sort of insufficiency and inability which causes them to become dependent and therefore strikes pity and the feeling of anxiousness, as the father knows what is happening and realized how disorientating it must be for his son.

Cross-cutting - Shots scene with dad in the car, to the girl in the bed with his son. This establishes both events are occurring simultaneously exposing both the father and sons viewpoints. This again presents disability as the idea of the dependency, how if you suffer someone else suffers along with you as you depend on them you share emotions with them.

Master shot - Which all the shots eventually lead back to shows her above him. This connotes how the girl has a greater advantage and sense of power above the boy. This helps build representations of disability to again being this aspect of being undermined or unable in certain aspects of the normal basic actions.



Camera work anlysis on monarch of the glen

Using a dolly shot to create a small smooth movement, the audience is able to appreciate the men using their working tools. This helps builds age representations through the idea that the men are of a working class (usually associated older people/adults).

A long shot then pans into a medium long shot, when Amy is walking into the scene. This is useful to observe her costume (stereotypical teenage outfit; jeans and jumper, very casual), which not only by itself builds her age representation, but establishes the age contrast between her own costume and those of the men in the working scene.

A close-up dolly shot of Amy in the car is effective for building age representations, as it enables the audience to see her emotions as she grabs the driving wheel of the car. We can see she is confused and obviously does not know what she is doing, which exposes her youth and inexperience.

Again using a medium-long shot, the audience can see age representations being constructed through the headmasters very old fashioned costume (suit, mis-match tie etc), which establishes he is of an older generation. It also enables the audience to see his beard, which is full of grey hairs, again construction representations of an older generation.

In the scene where the headmaster and the man have just met, the camera pans diagonally, up from everyone else's face, then down to Amys. This emphasizes how she is much smaller (as well as younger) than everybody else is the scene and proposes her vulnerability and youth.

When the headmaster and the man walk into the study, using a long-shot, the audience can observe the new setting, which is of the study and its very old-fashioned decor (wood paneling etc). This helps constructs the representation of older people/adults.

As the two men are having a conversation, the camera is lowered to a low angle shot facing up towards them. This constitutes their authority (the audience are being placed in Amy's position), which represents how they are older.

A montage of shots is used to express the theme of the narrative which as shown is skilled labour. This presents age representations of maturity and experience (i.e adults).

When the camera enters Amy's room, a mid shot captures a stuffed animal in appropriate depth which represents her youth and innocence. The camera then tilts and pans to slowly reveal everything that contributes to age representations, including the teddy and the very girly and feminine and playful font used to address the goodbye note , which again is a representation of her youth.

A slow zoom is used to expose her emotions which helps build representations, because she is so young her emotional reaction is very immature and dramatic (i.e those of the stereotypical teenager

A medium close-up is effective (when the woman is looking out of the window), because as well as being close enough to enable the audience to appreciate her emotions, it is also wide enough that they can observe the window she is looking out from to seek Amy. This helps build age representations through the idea that any mature, grown person who has independence may leave using an adequate exit (i.e front door) but where Amy has used a window it represents, she is young, dependent and immature. Also it is a very stereotypical form of escaping for teenager. (When they run away from home via the bedroom window so they are not caught by parents.